Diabetes mellitus is an increasing global health problem. The prevalence of diabetes among adults aged 30 years or older increased from 8.6% to 14.4% from 2001 to 2016. The proportion of people with diabetes treated with antihypertensive medications increased from 56.0% to 62.5% during 2006 to 2013. Approximately 50% of people with diabetes were being treated with lipid-lowering medications in 2013, a 1.8-fold increase since 2006. According to the 2018 Diabetes Fact Sheet in Korea, 52.6% of people with diabetes achieved A1C < 7.0%, 68.4% achieved BP < 140/85 mm Hg, and 44.2% achieved LDL-C < 100 mg/dL. Governments offer management programs to individuals with chronic disease under the Korean government’s Health Plan 2020. Also, in 2000, a pilot project for prevention and management of hypertension and diabetes was conducted centering on public health centers. In 2006, a comprehensive plan for cardiovascular diseases was established, and a project for registering and managing a high-risk people with cardiovascular disease is now in progress. However, chronic disease care system has several limitations such as lack of financial plan, integrated approach, structured education for self-care, practical implementation plan of primary health care system, model for strengthening cooperation between public health centers and private medical care, incentives for quality of care, and specific strategies for enhancing the role of community and self-management area.