Dopaminergic (DA) neurons are involved in integration of neuronal and hormonal signals to regulate energy homeostasis and psychiatric behaviors. However, the factors responsible for the regulation of energy balance and mood behaviors in dopaminergic neurons are required to be addressed. My group recently found that forkhead transcription factor O1 (FoxO1) is involved in the regulation of energy balance together with mood behaviors in DA neurons. Specifically, FoxO1 is highly expressed in DA neurons and mice lacking FoxO1 specifically in the DA neurons (FoxO1 KODAT) show markedly increased energy expenditure and interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) thermogenesis accompanied by reduced fat mass and improved glucose/insulin homeostasis. In addition, FoxO1 KODAT mice exhibited enhanced leptin sensitivity as well as less anxiety and depression-like behaviors. Therefore, this presentation will cover our recent findings in which functional roles of FoxO1 in regulation of energy balance and mood behaviors in DA neurons.