The present study was attempted to identify the changeability of the factorial structure of physical fitness with respect to the skill levels of badminton performance. The selected 9 physical fitness tests were administered to 320(160 males and 160 females) badminton players sampled from elementary, junior high, senior high, and college levels. Principal component analysis with iteration(PA2) was applied for identifying the factorial structure of each selected group. It was concluded that ; 1. Among the factors of physical fitness, power had a significant impact on a badminton performance irrelevant to the levels of skills. The more levels of skills was improved, the more variance of power was gradually increased. 2. Badminton performance was affected by balance, speed and muscular strength irrelevant to the levels of skills. Reaction time and cardiovascular endurance affected the performance of badminton players with the higher skill in a small degree, while muscular strength, power, speed, and balance had an effect on a maximum performance of badminton players with the higher skill. 3. Characteristics of physical fitness needed to decide the performance were differentiated by the initial level of skill and the later level. As the levels of skill were improved, performance had more maximized effect on the motor-related physical fitness than the health-related. Cardiovascular endurance, reaction time, and flexibility were determinant factors of the performance at the initial level, while muscular strength, speed, and balance were determinant factors at the later level.