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13·14세기 개경 도내(都內)의 변화 -시봉(侍奉)·시위기구(侍衛機構)의 배치를 중심으로-
The Changes in the Inside of the Capital City Gaegyeong in the 13th and 14th Century-Focusing on the Arrangement of Royal Service and Security Organizations(侍奉·侍衛機構)-
정은정 ( Jeong Eun-jeong )
한국중세사연구 vol. 41 159-200(42pages)
UCI I410-ECN-0102-2021-900-000113023

Strengthening royal service and security organizations(侍奉·侍衛機構) was a serious task that could not be deferred, considering the threat against kingly power of Goryeo Dynasty during 13th and 14th century. The arrangement of the royal service organizations, which would elevate the ruling and administrative power and assist the king’s daily life in the capital city Gaegyeong, had somewhat different aspects compared to those in the previous periods. In order to secure the king, the royal service organizations(侍奉機構) were distributed along the living territory of the king, thereby having a structure surrounding the palace(禁中) in a cascading way:first, in the inmost area with Naejeon(內殿, the queen’s quarters), Chimjeon(寢殿, the king’s quarters), there were the king’s cubines(後宮) and court ladies(內職) for giving the king bed service(侍寢) as well as the royal service organizations for being in charge of extremely private and confidential affairs;second, ceremonial organizations, the office that aided the king being on night duty(宮內直宿員吏職制), and the organization for academic affairs(學士機構) were found in another area where Pyeonjeon(便殿, the king’s the main executive office) and Jeongjeon(正殿, the throne hall) were located. Most people of the royal service organizations were on night duty at the palace due to their job characteristics assisting the king at the shortest distance. In the 13th and 14th century, the center of the area to which the service organizations had belonged shifted from the outer inside of the capital city Gaegyeong to the inner places, even though it was based on their earlier distribution. In addition, there was a series of extensions of buildings for royal service, such as the right of personnel management(銓注權), the authority over personnel matters, and the office of literati(文翰職). Thus, Dopyeonguisasapyeongsa(都評議使司廳舍), Docheomuimiljiksasa(都僉議密直司使), and Geumnaehakgwan(禁內學館, the academic institution in the palace) were reconstructed. Although some buildings for royal services had been constructed, this was only the advancement of existing titles or systems in most cases. Therefore, the inside of the capital city Gaegyeong did not undergo the general change in structure. However, newly added royal service organizations with foreign style(胡風) had played a crucial role in making changes in the inside of the capital city, particularly within the palace. The most representative cases are Bichikchi(必闍赤) and Seongjungaema(成衆愛馬):Bichikchi was assigned to Pyeonjeon and Seongjungaema served at a base, near to Chimjeon, which means they were very close to the king. Whereas the former royal service organizations had been distributed over the wide area of inner and outer court(內·外殿), in 13th and 14th century those organizations were privately arranged toward the outer court, thereby helping the king’s political administration better. The main reason that made the inside of the capital city Gaegyeong different from that as it had been in the previous periods is royal security organizations(侍衛機構) with foreign style. It is noticeable that even under the reign of King Gongmin who had seriously taken the reformative actions against Yuan, the royal security organizations with foreign style were being actively utilized as a means of protecting the palace(禁衛):newly-organized by King gongmin, Jajewi(子弟衛) and Durisokgojeok(頭裏速古赤) were placed in Chimjeon;Udaljeok(虧達赤) and other officers took on the management of the main gate of the palace, which eunuches had supervised originally. Moreover, the fact that the king was being chronically insecure functioned as a major factor in making the installations for protecting the palace, which had been located the outer area, move into the palace of Gaegyeong, although the basic principle of deploying army was not to allow military installations to enter in the palace and its inside(禁中·禁內). Furthermore, not only were the royal security and the royal service separated from each other but also strengthened respectively in the 13th and 14th century, in contrast to the usual case had been combining both of them. This can be evaluated as an attempt to stabilize the kingship and kingly power through the establishment of a variety of the royal security organizations in order to overcome the crisis following the processes of relations with Yuan as well as unstable domestic political situations.

I. 머리말
II. 개경 都內의 侍奉機構 밀집
III. 都市禁軍·侍衛機構의 촘촘한 분포
IV. 맺음말
[자료제공 : 네이버학술정보]
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