Astrocytes are the most abundant cells in the central nervous system, yet they have often been relegated to a less than prominent role in the control of complex brain functions supported by neuronal circuits. The regulation of food intake and energy expenditure is tightly linked to the hypothalamic neural circuits. However, the direct contribution of astrocytes in this system is still ill defined. The levels of nutrients in the brain are crucial for neuronal functions in which astrocytes have also been deeply implicated. In this study, we identified active roles of hypothalamic astrocytes as a sensor to determine whole body energy status and a primary conductor to orchestrate the hypothalamic neuronal circuit. We evaluated the cellular processes of metabolites in hypothalamic astrocytes of transgenic line in which peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) genes are time-specifically ablated in astrocytes. We observed altered shuttling of nutrients such as glucose and monocarboxylates, and lipid formation in astrocytes of the astrocyte-specific PPAR gamma ablated mouse line. Furthermore, we identified that the impairment of nutrient shuttling and lipid utilization in hypothalamic astrocytes was coupled to the abnormality of the homeostatic behaviors linked to the energy and glucose metabolism. Collectively, we suggest that nutrient shuttling between hypothalamic neurons and astrocytes is a critical cellular event to determine the status of whole body energy metabolism.