This research was carried out in order to find out two factors, one of them was the participation motives for Kendo discipline, and the other was social and cultural factors which work upon these participation motives. For the extent of this research, each of Kendo gym in 16cities in Korea was selected and picked 30 people up, making 480 people, according to the system stratified cluster random sampling. And total of collected questionnaires were 445 copies, and 402 of which were utilized for this treatise. In this treatise, questionnaire was used as a measurement tool. The conclution revealed through this investigation is following: First, those who are taking fart in Kendo practice take a serious view of spiritual and physical health motives, and they have manners, social intercourse, competition, and flavor motives, which are characterful in Kendo practice. Second, most women in Korea are negative in sports in participation, because they have had the education based on traditional moral principle idea, and mos of Korean have regarded women as inadequate persons for most kinds of sports. Third, even though most women in Korea are under the influence of traditional moral principle idea, the women taking part in Kendo practice have little influence on that of Korea. Fourth, economical or educational environment for Kendo disciple has little influence on participation motive, Fifth, in participation motive, most Korean women are unchangeable, as their age increases, on the other hand, men under 30-year-old have competition motive and flavor motive, which are the most important motives. However, men over 30-year-old have recapitalization by means of army service, marriage and company life etc, therefore the spiritual health motive and physical health motive are the most important participation motive for male Kendo practicer.