Objectives : This descriptive study was conducted to determine the relationships between the maternal child-rearing attitude, child-rearing burden, and their preschooler's temperament, and to explore predicted factors for preschoolers' temperament. Methods : The sample of this study were 212 mothers of pre-schoolers attending at Child-Care-Centers in three cities, Seoul, Daejon, and Suwon in Korea. Schaefer's MBRI(Maternal Behavior Research Instrument), and PTQ(Parent Temperament Questionnaire) by Thomas and Chess, Child-rearing burden instrument by Han were used to collect data from September 15 to October 31, 2002. Results : Maternal attitude was different depending on the mother's education, maternal employment state, and family income. There was negative relationship between child rearing burden and maternal attitude. The significant predictors for preschoolers' difficult temperament type were positive evaluation attitude(OR=0.755) and autonomic attitude(OR=1.2). Maternal attitude showed significant relationships with their preschoolers' temperament in some subscale. Conclusions : Maternal attitude was affected by emotional factors as well as educational level and income, and preschoolers' temperament was not related with demographic characteristics, but related with maternal attitude. Parent education program for promoting positive maternal attitude needs to be developed to make children's temperament more desirably.