이 글의 목적은 구소련 시기 스탈린에 의해 자행된 국가폭력의 문제를 기독교윤리학적 관점에서 검토하고 그것의 과거청산을 어떻게 해결했는지 고찰한다. 즉 소련 구체제는 그 체제 붕괴 전후를 계기로 과거청산을 위한 노력을 어떻게 경주했는지 그리고 그것이 갖는 의미를 한반도 통일에 적용해 어떠한 역사적 교훈을 얻을 것인지 모색하는데 있다. 이 글은 다음과 같은 단계로 전개된다. 우선, 소련의 과거사 유산으로 스탈린 시대에 저질러졌던 국가폭력의 실상인 각종 테러와 악행이 과거 청산의 일차 대상이 된다. 그것이 어떤 방식으로 진행됐는지 3기로 나눠 구체적으로 규명한다. 그 다음 소련 구체제 하에서 미흡하나마 진척된 자체 과거청산 노력을 살핀다. 즉 공산당 서기장인 흐루시초프와 고르바 초프의 노력을 살피고, 이어서 옐친과 푸틴의 노력이 어떠했는지 고찰한다. 마지막으로 러시아에서의 과거청산 노력에 대한 평가, 예컨대 그것이 갖는 기독교 윤리적 의미를 간략하게 평가한다. 결론에 가서는 러시아에서의 과거청산 노력의 특징을 간략하게 추리고, 소련체제에 뿌리를 둔 북한에게 앞으로 어떤 교훈을 줄 것인지 고찰한다.

The purpose of this article is to seek in what way has USSR(Russia) government coped with the clearing of the state terrors in Stalin's era. In particular, it broke out great terrors and its secret process in Stalin's era. This article attempts first of all to examine what the specific objects were as well as how the process worked and to seek who the problems worked to solve. This task will give many implications and suggestions for the liquidation of the state terrors. In first Chapter, this article gives the historical facts on the basis of academic studies about Stalin’s Great Terrors in 1930-46, particularly its scales of 3 periods- 1. period(1930-1937), 2. period(1937-1938), 3. period(1941-1946)- by doing a critical review on the anatomy of terror as political violence under Stalin. A steel dictator Joseph Stalin(1879-1953), ruled during twenty-five years, found himself leading a country where 20-25 million victims of communization were by his fellow-travellers. Second chapter gives efforts clearing of the state terrors in Stalin's era. After Stalin's death 1953, his successor Khrushchev criticized Stalin hardly, set government investigators to work examining Stalin's terrors killed in the name of Soviet people or their equality. It is hardly to success the clearing of the past, because his political and legal efforts were very limited. Gorbachev named general secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) on March 11, 1985 instituted the policies of glasnost (“openness”) which opened the floodgates to criticism of the entire Soviet apparatus, and perestroika (“restructuring”) which introduced quasi free market policies to government-run industries. In this chapter, it examines how Gorbachev's glasnost brought about the end of the Cold War in 1989 and a lot of success for the clearing of the past. Two Russia presidents after the collapse of Soviet Union, Boris Yeltsin and Putin, had no efforts of the clearing of the past. Finally, this study summarizes the main arguments and tries to show what sorts of lessons the Russia case has provided over Korean reunification. There were two efforts clearing of the state terrors in Stalin's era: efforts by two general secretaries before the collapse of Soviet Union - top-down styles, opened clearing up, victims-centered clearing up, transformation to the democratic system from the communism.