묵자윤리사상은 현대공리주의와 가족유사성을 공유하는 공리주의이다. 묵자공리주의는 다음 세 가지 특징을 지닌다. 첫째, 묵자공리주의는 겸애교리(兼愛交利)의 두 수준 공리주의이다. 묵자사상의 중심인 10론 중 핵심은 겸애이고, 나머지 9론은 겸애를 교리로서 실현하기 위한 실천규칙이다. 이 관점은 묵자에게 제기되었던 10론 간의 상충이라는 비판을 제거하여 묵자사상의 내적 통일성과 정합성을 확보할 수 있게 한다. 둘째 묵자사상의 핵심인 겸(兼)의 두 구성요소인 인(仁)은 행위자의 품성과 의(義)는 행위의 옳음과 각각 관련된다. 이런 시각은 공리주의 체계 내에서 행위자-행위가 각기 다른 역할을 하며 구조를 이룸을 보여준다. 셋째 종전 연구에서 『묵자』의 한계라 지적되어 왔던 「천지(天志)」편과 「명귀(明鬼)」편에 대한 공리주의적 해석을 통해, 이 두 편이 더 이상 묵자 사상의 한계가 아니며 오히려 묵자 공리주의 내에서 행위의 제재라는 중요한 역할을 하고 있음을 확인할 수 있다.

Mozi(墨子)’s moral philosophy is a sort of utilitarianism which shares family resemblance with contemporary utilitarianism, that is consequentialism, welfarism, universalism and aggregationism with maximization. As a utilitarianism, the characteristics of Mozi’s moral philosophy can be presented as three in the following. First, Mozi's utilitarianism has a characteristics of two-level utilitarianism. The core of the “Ten doctrines” which is considered as the central part of Mozi’s moral philosophy is “Inclusive[Impartial] care(兼愛) doctrine”, and the rest of nine doctrines are rules of practice to realize the creed of Inclusive[Impartial] care. And the Inclusive[Impartial] care doctrine plays a role in critical moral thinking, on the other hand the nine doctrines play a role in intuitive moral thinking in Mozi’s two-level utilitarianism. This perspective allows to remove the criticism pointing out ‘conflicts among Ten doctrines’ and to secure systematic structure of Mozi’s moral philosophy. So, now we can refer Mozi’s moral philosophy to “jianaijiaoli(兼愛交利) two-level utilitarianism”. Second, by means of interpreting semantically the two factors, ‘benevolence(仁)’ and ‘righteousness(義)’ which constitute inclusion(兼), Mozi’s key idea, it can be confirmed that the meaning of ‘benevolence’ is related to the personality of an agent, whereas the meaning of ‘righteousness’ is related to right and wrong of an act. This point of view allows to establish the relationship of the two by dividing an agent and one’s act within the system of utilitarianism. Third, through the utilitarian interpretation of 「Heaven’s intent(天志)」 and「Understanding ghosts(明鬼)」which have been criticized as the limits of 『Mozi』in the previous studies, these two can be confirmed as playing an important role of ‘sanction of acts’ in Mozi’s jianaijiaoli utilitarianism, not the limits of Mozi’s moral philosophy any more. As above, Mozi’s utilitarianism has three characteristics of jianaijiaoli two-level utilitarianism, ‘benevolence’ of an agent and ‘righteousness’ of an act, and ‘Heaven(天)’ as the sanction of an action.