Objective : This study was performed to identify the anti-inflammatory effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza Water extract(SMW) on lipopolysaccharide(LPS) induced inflammation. Methods : RAW 264.7 cells were treated with 500 ng/㎖ of LPS. SMW (0.1, 0.25, 0.5 ㎎/㎖) was treated 1 h prior to LPS. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay. Levels of nitric oxide(NO) were measured with Griess reagent and pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) and real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR). We also examined molecular mechanisms such as mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPKs) and nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB) activation by western blot. In addition, we observed mice survival rate after LPS and examined their cytokine levels of serum and liver tissue. Results : SMW itself did not have cytotoxic effects in RAW 264.7 cells less than 0.5 ㎎/㎖. SMW treatment inhibited the production of NO, and interleukin(IL)-1β which is pro-inflamamtory cytokine. And SMW treatment inhibited the LPS-induced activation of MAPKs such as extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2(ERK1/2), p38 kinases(p38), c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase(JNK) and NF-κB. In addition, it also showed reducing the level of IL-1β on the serum and liver tissue of mice. Also, death of LPS-induced mice was inhibited by SMW. Conclusion : The result suggest that treatment of SMW could reduce the LPS-induced inflammation. Thereby, SMW could be used as a protective agent against inflammation. Also, this study could give a clinical basis that SMW could be a drug or agent to prevent inflammatory diseases.