This thesis deals with the function of the darkness, which forms the nucleus of Hawthorne’s work, and also purposes to examine the light which this darkpess sheds on the human reality. First, I tried to define the meaning of this darkness in conjunction with the concept of daylight, and as two of the major elements of the darkness, I focussed on solitude and despair. And I essayed to prove that it is indispensable for this thesis to illuminate the limit of the temporal order. And then through the three stages of spiritual phenomena, I argued for the necessity of undertaking a journey into the region of darkness for the sake of human salvation, which is the theme of this thesis. They are the dynamics of solitude, the principle of despair, and the alchemy of suffering. All these stages represent the mysterious function of the human heart, and contain the paradoxical truth that the darker is the atmosphere, the closer we come to the secret of the light. Accordingly, I called this truth a dynamics of solitude and despair.