목적: We aimed to study the factors affecting serum vitamin D level in Korean postmenopausal women from the population-based study. Especially, the association between vitamin D and socioeconomic status (SES), which might have an effect on nutritional status was investigated. 방법: This cross-sectional study was based on nationwide representative survey data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2008. A total of 703 postmenopausal women (mean age 64.8 years) were included from the KNHANES 2008. The KNHANES has been conducted periodically since 1998 and is composed of data from the civilian, non-institutionalized population of the Republic of Korea using a stratified, multi-stage sampling with a probability proportional to size. The sampling frame was based on the 2005 population and housing census in Korea. Socioeconomic status was composed of the arbitrary level of household income and educational attainment. 결과: The association between SES and vitamin D was analyzed with adjustment for potential confounders including age, years since menopause, body mass index (BMI), and physical activity or exercise since BMI and physical activity or exercise were associated with the level of vitamin D. The serum level of vitamin D was significantly highest in postmenopausal women with the top quartile household income compared to those with middle- lowest earnings (22.8, 21.0, 21.0 and 20.8 ng/ml, respectively, p=0.04). Also, the participants with middle-lowest range incomes had significantly higher odds for vitamin D insufficiency (odds ratio: 1.63, 95% confidence interval: 1.19-2.21, p=0.002). Postmenopausal women with high school of completion demonstrated lower level of vitamin D compared to those with less than high school completion or more than college completion (18.9, 22.0 and 21.5 ng/ml, respectively, p=0.002). 결론: In conclusion, vitamin D level is associated with SES in Korean postmenopausal women, and the participants with low household income should be encouraged for vitamin D supplementation.