Objective: The aim of this prospective study was to assess the impact of simple hysterectomy with ovarian preservation on ovarian reserve in early postoperative period. Methods: A total of eighty-six premenopausal women aged 31-45 years with regular menstruation who underwent scheduled hysterectomy for benign gynecologic disease without additional adnexal surgery were included in this study. Serum samples were collected preoperatively and 3-days postoperatively in all study participants for the determination of serum anti-Mllerian hormone (AMH) levels, and the changes between the two samples were analyzed. The rate of decline of AMH levels after hysterectomy was calculated using the following formula: [(preoperative AMH level postoperative day 3 AMH level)]/(preoperative AMH level)]) 100 (%). Results: Seventy-one patients underwent laparoscopy-assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH), and fifteen patients underwent abdominal hysterectomy (AH). Postoperative day 3 serum AMH levels after hysterectomy with ovarian preservation (2.24 2.08 ng/ml) significantly reduced compared with preoperative AMH levels (2.59 2.33 ng/ml) (P < 0.001). The mean value of the rate of decline of AMH levels after hysterectomy was 13.61 30.81%. In subgroup analysis according to the type of surgery, postoperative day 3 serum AMH levels in LAVH group (2.26 2.20 ng/mL) were significantly different compared with preoperative AMH levels (2.69 2.46 ng/mL), on the contrary, there were no significant differences between pre- and postoperative AMH levels in AH group (2.12 1.56 ng/mL preoperatively, and 2.11 2.09 ng/mL postoperatively). Conclusion: Our results suggest that hysterectomy have an influence on ovarian reserve in early postoperative period, and this result may be influenced by the type of surgery.