Objective: Minimally invasive surgery has become essential technology in field of gynecologic malignancies including cervical cancer. We reviewed our experience and evaluated the results of radical hysterectomy in patients with early stage cervical cancer.
Methods: This retrospective study included patients with early stage cervical cancer (Ia1 ~ IIa2) who were treated with radical hysterectomy from January 2001 to April 2018. Patients were divided into two groups according to the approach of surgery: open laparotomy (ARH) or minimally invasive surgery (MIS, including conventional laparoscopy and robotic assisted laparoscopy, LRH and RRH). The type of hysterectomy included Piver type II and III hysterectomy. The survivals were compared using KaplanMeier curves. Differences in surgical outcomes between the two groups were also analyzed.
Results: There were 178 patients totally: 59 in ARH, 58 in LRH, and 61 in RRH. Total number of surgeons in the period was 8, and the mean follow up period was 58.9 months. The patients demographics were not different between groups, including age, BMI, clinical stage, tumor marker level and histology of the tumor. The pathologic results for risk factors of recurrence were also similar, but the total number of lymph node yields were higher in ARH than MIS group. The 10-year cumulative recurrence was 6.3% in ARH and 9.1% in MIS which is not different in log-rank test (p=0.526). The 5-year overall survival was 96.2% in laparotomy and 95.3% in MIS, and also showed no difference between groups.
Conclusion: The MIS is a safe and feasible option of radical hysterectomy in early stage cervical cancer. The clinical significance of the difference in LN yield should be further evaluated with long term follow up. The definite surgical skill and the efforts to reduce dissemination of tumor cells in pelvic cavity is necessary to maintain the quality and acceptable surgical outcomes of MIS.