Tibet which is located just north of India and Nepal had learned Buddhism from those countries for a long time. It accepted Buddhism and worshiped Buddha the same as a mystical living god of Bön, their local religion. Tibetan Buddhism spread to Bhutan, Nepal, Northern India, and Mongolia. Bhutan and the Yuan Dynasty of the early Mongolia accepted Tibetan Buddhism, Yellow Hats(黃敎), and built many lama shrines in the inner Mongolia. Cham, the ceremony to exorcise the evil spirits and pray for goodness, was held at the Lama Temple in Beijing of China too. This ceremony which the lama’s chanting is in harmony with hymn is accompanied by instrumental performances. The music is played without exception on the religious festivals based on Tibetan lunar calendar system. The ceremony dance is about Bajirayani Buddhism and came from the southern India. It spread to Ladakh of Tibet, and is being performed so far. That was passed on to Mongolia and turned into Mongolian style, Fure Cham.
In the case of the Korea, various performances were carried out in Palgwanhui(八關會) of Goryeo, and Suryukjae(水陸齋) remains in existence in Joseon Dynasty. However, it disappeared eventually, and emerged in some temples including Yaksa-sa in the middle of the 20th century. Jakbeop-mu(作法舞), Korean Buddhist ceremony dance, consists of Bara-mu, Nabi-mu, Peopko-mu, and Taju-mu. Bara-mu is made up of seven kinds of dancing such as Yojap-bara, Kwanyokke-bara, Hwauijejineon-bara, Myeong-bara, Nerimgae-bara, Cheonsu-bara, and Satarani-bara. Peopko-mu(法鼓舞) is processed four times in the same form. Taju-mu(打柱舞) is repeated between each song for offerings when a eating ritual(食堂作法) is going on.
In the case of Japan, there are Ennen(延年) and Jusa-jakbeop(走師作法), and they have the same object even though their methods are different. The best part of Ennen which is performed in the event, Yumahui(維摩會), is the humorous catechism by monks. It is a discussion about Yumakyeong(維摩經). The monks make people laugh with witty question and answer, and it develops into so-called pungryu(風流). The chanting and the debate of Yumahui which are recited like shomyo(聲明) with rich melodies became the monks’ Jakbeop.
Tibetan Buddhism shows the appearance of various gods in Buddhist temples. On the other hand, in Japan the appearance of various gods can be seen in Kagura held at Japanese shrines rather than Buddhist temples.