商朝人的占卜一般理解爲人和神之間的溝通。商代的君主以及巫師用龜甲獸骨進行占卜, 追求人間難題的答案。占卜者以甲骨上的裂隙爲神靈的答覆。但是, 甲骨文無法證明占卜者和神靈之間的對話。此論文首先分析一下的占卜對象的說法：1）代表諸神的“帝”, 2）指稱所有神靈的帝, 3）具有特定作用的個別神靈。此文通過仔細的分析而否定以上三個對象的妥當性, 幷提出關於商朝占卜對象的全新的可能性。此文論證商朝的占卜不是人和神之間的溝通, 而是人們單獨的解釋活動。再說, 商朝的占卜者沒有跟神靈實施對話, 而他們只是對於甲骨裂隙裡表現出來的宇宙的徵兆進行了單獨的解釋。此文的結尾還討論商朝的占卜被看爲人和神之間的溝通的原因, 主張這一看法可能受到埃里亞德(Mircea Eliade)的二分法的影響。西方著名的宗敎硏究專家埃里亞德以“聖”和“俗”的槪念來分解這一世界。我們若能勾脫離埃里亞德的二分而理解商朝的占卜, 我們不難看出商朝的世界不是由人間和神間兩個部分來構成, 而人和神靈只是商代宇宙的組成部分之一。

Generally speaking, Shang divination has been interpreted as a divine communication between human beings and spirits. Through crack-making, Shang kings and diviners, acting as intermediaries between the human realm and the spiritual realm, sought knowledge about issues that are beyond human control and comprehension. The cracks on the bones were thus deciphered as the spirits’ responses to the diviners. However, within the oracle-bone inscriptions we cannot find any clear evidence that Shang kings communicated with spirits. The question of who actually answered Shang diviners is the focus of this paper. I try to track down the identity of the one addressed in divination by investigating the nature of the Shang pantheon. In the first section, I propose three possible divinees: Di as a representative of the Shang pantheon, di as a collective body of all the spirits, and different spirits for different divinations. However, none of these possibilities seems tomatch the nature of the Shang pantheon. In the second section, I introduce another hypothesis by Sarah Allan that Shang divination was not a two-party communication between human beings and spirits, but a one-party interpretive act on the part of humans. This means that Shang diviners were not communicating with spirits but reading the cosmic signs revealed on oracle-bones. In the final section, I argue that the major reason scholars have regarded Shang divination as a divine communication is that they viewed the Shang cosmos based on a strict binary conception of the sacred and the profane, principally informed by Mircea Eliade. If we divest ourselves of this binary lens, a new hypothesis renders a different cosmologicalmodel of the Shang dynasty; that is, both spirits and human beings are parts of the Shang cosmos. [Article in Chinese]