Purpose: This study examined the effects of an elastic band resistance exercise program on the body functions and Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) of elderly people with type 2 diabetes. Methods: Twenty-seven elderly patients with type 2 diabetes were enrolled in this study (exercise group 14, control group 13). The subjects in the exercise group participated in the program for 60 minutes a day, three times a week, for 12 weeks. All the subject`s body functions, HbA1c were measured to compare the following: before the intervention, at the completion of the 12 weeks intervention, and eight weeks after the intervention. Results: Compared to the control group, the exercise group showed significant improvements in the 12 week and follow-up measurement after the intervention in body function, such as the strength of the upper and lower limbs, agility and limit of stability. The body functions of the exercise group improved as the period of intervention progressed. On the other hand, the HbA1c level at each follow-up measurement was similar in the two groups. Conclusion: The 12 week elastic band exercise program is recommended as an effective intervention for improving the body functions of elderly people with type 2 diabetes. Nevertheless, a combined intervention of steady exercise, diet therapy and drug therapy will be needed for further active prevention and management of type 2 diabetes.