Purpose: Patients with limited health literacy usually have less disease-related knowledge, and consequently have poor health status. On the other hand, diabetes care requires complex course of strict medication and lifestyle changes to maintain appropriate glycemic levels and to prevent diabetic complications. We evaluated the association between health literacy, diabetes knowledge and glycemic control among diabetic patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 84 enrollees who were older than 30 years and had type 2 diabetes was conducted in a university hospital. Health literacy was measured using the short form of Newest Vital Sign (NVS), and diabetes knowledge measured using one of the two parallel diabetes knowledge tests. Participants were interviewed to determine participants’ characteristics, and HbA1c levels were identified from the clinical database of Hallym University Kang Nam Sacred Heart Hospital to assess glycemic control. Results: The mean score of health literacy was 1.8 (±1.9) and mean score of diabetes knowledge was 12.0 (±4.1). Only 23.8% of participants had adequate literacy. After adjusting sociodemographic characteristics, duration of diabetes, and treatment regimen, diabetes knowledge and health literacy were not independently associated with HbA1c levels. Only significant factor of glycemic control was duration of diabetes (r=0.489, p<0.001). Conclusion: Among patients with type 2 diabetes, health literacy and diabetes knowldege were not independently associated with glycemic control. Better strategies are needed to improve glycemic control.