The basic purpose of this essay is to introduce the role and activities of Korean churches for reunification. This paper consists of three parts. In the first part, the author introduces and interprets a series of political events that have shaped the basic relationship between North and South Korea, between North Korea and the U.S. In the second part, the author examines the role and activities of North and South Korean churches to overcome national division, and discusses the historical meaning and limitations of them. Finally, in the third part, raising some theological questions, the author proposes some Christian ethical tasks to overcome division. To skim through this article, there have been five symbolic political events of exchange and cooperation between North and South Korea: The July 4th North-South Joint Communique(1972), the Basic Agreement between North and South Korea(1991), the Geneva Agreement(1994), and the June 15th North-South Joint Declaration (2000). Each statement reflects different issues and problems of Korean reunification in different period. Each also represents various endeavors to resolve problems within and beyond the limits of each period. To give some examples: The July 4th Joint Communique(1972), which declares three basic principles for reunification of Korea(i.e., self-reliance, peace, and national solidarity), provided a momentum for North Korea to move from the issues of class to those of nation. In the Basic Agreement(1991), North and South Korean governments concededtwo political systems in one nation and approved the scheme of gradual reunification through peaceful coexistence. The Geneva Agreemen (1994) raised a new issue of North Korean nuclear development(i.e., the issue of the weapons of mass destruction) and made military agenda central in the talk not only between North Korea and the U.S. but also between North and South Korea. By reviewing these historical development and process, the author reveals that political agreement is crucial, because it provides the institutional framework for North-South exchange and dialogue, and because it has no small impact on church activities in North and South Korea. Then, the author investigates the activities of North and South Korean churches for peace and reunification in the Korean peninsular. The author is convinced that any political view and approach to reunification requires a thorough examination from theological point of view. For this, the author introduces the activities of Korea Christian Federation(KCF), which is the sole Protestant organization in North Korea, and also of South Korean Protestant churches`` ecumenical movement, which has invigorated since the 1960s. From its inception, the KCF has been brought up in close relationship with North Korean Labor Party. The KCF began to participate actively in reunification movement since the 1970s as North Korean government began to change its "anti-Christian" policies after it came in contact with progressive Christian movements around the world(e.g., the World Council of Churches, the Vatican, and Latin American churches) and also with South Korean churches`` social activism. At that time North Korean government was actually in great need of escaping from international isolation. In this trend, the KCF tried to become a member of WCC twice in 1974 and 1981, published Old and New Testaments and hymnals, and allowed overseas Koreans to visit North Korea. After all, North and South Korean church delegates met in 1986 in Glion, Switzerland, through the mediation of WCC, for the first time ever since the division of Korea. The member churches of National Council of Churches in Korea(NCCK) led reunification movement of South Korean churches since the late 1960s. They were actively involved in human rights and democratization movement through which ecumenical solidarity with churches around the world was created. As the time is ripe for it, delegations from NCCK and churches around the world gathered together, through the mediation of WCC, in 1984 in Tozanso, Japan, to prepare for an ecumenical process("Tozanso process") for peace and reunification of the Korean peninsular. In 1985, a group of WCC delegation visited North Korea; in 1986, WCC sponsored the first North-South Korean Christian gathering in Glion, Switzerland, and three more gatherings until 1995. It is remarkable that since the 1990s, ecumenical and evangelical churches in South Korea began to cooperate each other as the latter also participates in the humanitarian aid for North Korean food crisis. Examining churches`` activities for reunification in North and South Korea, the author insists that North-South Korean Christian meetings have contributed greatly to dismantle the political taboo that has forbidden any exchanges between North and South Korea. The author, however, also argues that North Korean church is too weak to work independently as equal partner with South Korean churches, and thus that it needs to develop and strengthen its identify as a church living in socialist system. Finally, the author asks: Would "political reunification"be enough for future Korea? Institutional approaches like political reunification and socioeconomic integration, admits the author, are necessary; still,what is the moral and spiritual foundation of such institutional reunion of the two Koreas? Here, the author brings the concept of peace to the fore. Reunification of Korea, admits the author, must be realized by peaceful means; yet, the author stresses that peace itself must be the goal and aim of reunification. Political reunification, in other words, must be based on "gospel of peace."To conclude, the author reintroduces the concept of peace from a theological perspective, and raises the following ethical questions that should be considered in the process of the reunification of Korea:(1) The limit of real politics which is governed by "balance of power"(2) the atheisticfaith in national security;(3) prioritization of humanitarianism and the tasks of humanization; and(4) the interrelationship between(socio-psychological) fear and peace.