To improve the biology curriculum of middle school, the contents of four Japanese science text books of middle school (New Science) published in 1981 and the recent editions of three Korean science textbooks were analyzed and compared each other. As the result, following findings were obtained: 1. Japanese science textbooks of middle school consist of two parts: Part 1 deals with chemistry and physics, and Part 2, biology and earth science. The area of physics is emphasized in Japanese textbook more than. in Korean. 2. The themes of both Korean and Japanese textbook covers $quot;structure and function.$quot; primarily and $quot;diversity and unity$quot; secondly. 3. The levels of both Japanese and Korean textbook are stressed on $quot;tissue and organ$quot; and $quot;individual$quot;. But cellular level is emphasized m Japanese more than in Korean. 4. The items of experiments appear in Korean with same numbers as in Japanese textbook but frequency of items appeared in Korean is higher than in Japanese. 5. It is noticeable that Japanese textbook emphasizes inquiry and discovery science mere than Korean does.