Recent research has demonstrated that children``s knowledge of the structural rules of English has become essential in learning to read and write. More specifically, it has been argued that children’s knowledge of morphemes contributes to their spelling development. However, there are still several unanswered questions, for example, whether children understand the connections between morphemes and spelling at a specific point in their development or whether classroom teachers should choose a particular strategy to help their students understand the role of morphemes in spelling development. Concerning the pedagogical benefits of teaching children morphemes, we argue that it is critical to answer the following question, ``when should children be taught and what should they be taught about the links between morphemes and spelling?`` After a brief review of the role of morphemes in spelling development, we will explore research on children’s awareness of morphemes and attempt to answer the question addressed.