The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of puppet play on preventing the sexual abuse of children. A puppet play was developed for the purpose of preventing the sexual abuse of children aged 4 to 7. The play comprised three sessions of 35-40 minutes duration. The play covered sex education, the danger of sexual abuse, and safety tips to help prevent sexual abuse. For the study, a total of 850 six-and-seven-year-old children were randomly sampled from 26 day-care centers and kindergartens. The children were then randomly assigned to an experimental group and a control group. A trained interviewer talked with the children on a one-to-one basis. The research results were as follows; First, it was found that the sexual knowledge and awareness of the danger of sexual abuse of the children in the experimental group, who had watched the puppet play, were different than the children in the control group. Second, as a result of analyzing the differences between the pre-and post-tests of the two groups, it was found that there were significant differences in awareness and dealing with the risks of sexual abuse in the control group. Furthermore, there were significant differences in all sub-areas in the experimental group.