N. ccuainum infections have been associated with neonatal paresis as well as al3ortion around the world. Bovine abortion induced by N. caninum was first reported in 1997 in Korea. Diagnosis of N. caninurn infection is usually based on histopathology and immunohistochemical detection of organism. However, often the tissues having lesion suggestive of N. caninum infection were negative on immunohistochenmistry. Here we describe establishment of PCR-based diagnostic strategy for N. caninurn infection using DNA extracted from paraffin blocks containing the lesion. PCR was able to amplify N. caninrrm-specific bands from the paraffin blocks containing at least moderate degree of inflamn~ation. Compared to paraffin-blocks, DNA extracted froill wet tissues were all negative on PCR. This PCR-based method can be practically applicable for rapid diagnosis of N. caninum infection with high specificity and sensitivity.