This study was to compare the relationships among perception of motherhood ideology, parenting stress, and marital satisfactions of the employed and unemployed mothers. The data were collected by self-administered questionnaire method from 182 employed mothers and 173 unemployed mothers with childhood children who lived in Cheollabuk-Do province. The major results of this research were as follows. First, perception of motherhood ideology, parenting stress of unemployed mothers were higher than employed mothers. However, there were not significant differences between the employed and unemployed mothers on the marital satisfactions. Second, there were significant differences in parenting stress and marital satisfactions of employed mothers according to education, spontaneity of employment, paternal education, paternal occupation, family income, occupation, individual income, and working hours. And there were significant differences in parenting stress, marital satisfactions of unemployed mothers according to spontaneity of unemployment, and family income. Third, results of hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed that employed mothers’ marital satisfactions were negatively influenced by spontaneity of employment, occupation, working hours, and relationship with spouse. And unemployed mothers’ marital satisfactions were negatively influenced by depression, relationship with spouse, and isolation. Specifically, the variable signigicant affecting the employed and unemployed mothers’ marital satisfactions was the relationship with spouses of parenting stress.