목적: Urinary concentrations of 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) could be used as a reliable biomarker of exposure to tobacco smoke. We therefore developed a relatively simple high-throughput analytical method using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) to quantify total urinary NNAL concentrations in the general population. 방법: We developed and validated the UPLC-MS/MS method to quantify total NNAL concentrations in urine. And we studied quantified this biomarker of exposure in n=232 first-trimester pregnant women, of which n=17 were smokers, n=34 non-smokers, and n=181 with second-hand smoke exposure. 결과: Standard curves for total NNAL concentrations in urine were linear between 20-1500 pg/mL, with coefficients of determination >0.95, with precision ranging from 2.2 to 8.6% (CV), and accuracy from -5.6 to 10.9% (percent error). The lowest limit of quantitation was 6.7 pg/mL, and 2.0 pg/mL the lowest limit of detection (LLOD). Total urinary NNAL concentrations in non-smoker subjects (phase 1) non-smoker pregnant women (phase 2) were