To determine whether pretreatment serum CYFRA 21-1 levels can be a useful prognostic indicator in cervical cancer with reference to squamous- cell-carcinoma-related antigen (SCC Ag). We retrospectively reviewed five-hundred and six cervical cancer patients treated by radical hysterectomy or primary concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Pretreatment serum SCC Ag and CYFRA 21-1 levels of 506 cervical cancer patients were measured. A multivariate analysis using Cox`s proportional hazard model was performed to evaluate the prognostic significance of pretreatment variables. There was significant relationship between pre-treatment serum SCC Ag/ CYFRA 21-1 levels and patient age, advanced FIGO stage, large tumor size, lymph node metastasis, and deep stromal invasion. Advanced FIGO stage (stage III and IV, p<0.001), large tumor size (> 4 cm, p<0.001), and elevated pretreatment SCC Ag (≥ 1.95 ng/mL, p<0.001) and CYFRA 21-1 (≥ 2.95 ng/mL, p<0.001) levels significantly decreased 5-year disease-free survival rates. In the stepwise Cox regression analysis, pretreatment serum CYFRA 21-1 (p=0.015) levels was the only independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival and SCC Ag levels showed marginal significance (p=0.053). Advanced FIGO stage (p<0.001), large tumor size p<0.001), age under 50 years old (p=0.037) and elevated pretreatment SCC Ag (p=0.024) and CYFRA 21-1 (p<0.001) levels significantly decreased 5-year overall survival rates. In the stepwise Cox regression analysis, advanced FIGO stage (p=0.002), large tumor size p=0.013), age under 50 years old (p=0.006) were independent prognostic factors for overall survival. Pretreatment CYFRA 21-1 levels significantly correlated with disease-free survival.