The aim of this study was to review the agricultural sector of Uzbekistan with the purpose of identifying the major constraints to the development of the sector with special emphasis on the fruits and vegetables subsectors, thereby to suggest policy recommendations for the development of the sector. Although recent reforms have provided opportunities for liberalization, especially for the fruits and vegetable subsectors, they are not sufficient. Therefore, modernization of the agricultural marketing system in Uzbekistan was considered a precondition for the development of agricultural processing in the country. Accordingly, policy suggestions are provided for implementation in stages. Specific recommendations were also outlined pertaining to the key constraints identified; namely, pertaining to agricultural production and productivity, quality of land resources, irrigation, reforms, R&D, and agricultural marketing.