Introduction: SES is a well-reported factor associated with tuberculosis morbidity. However, there were no studies to examine the association of SES with treatment adherence of tuberculosis in South Korea. The study aims to investigate an association between SES and treatment adherence. Method: To identify association between SES and treatment adherence, hierarchical logistic regression was performed (Model 1: adjusted for demographic factors; Model 2: Model 1 + individual behavioral factors; Model 3: Model 2 + clinical factors) and treatment regimen-stratified analysis was also conducted. Result: In hierarchical logistic model, poor housing status (adjusted OR: 2.80, 95% CI: 1.27-6.16) and service worker with low education (adjusted OR: 3.33, 95% CI: 1.06-10.43) and laborer group (adjusted OR: 4.39, 95% CI: 1.45-13.28) are significantly associated with the low treatment adherence in Model 3. However, low education is only significantly related to the low treatment adherence in Model 1 (adjusted OR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.05-2.77). Discussion: The result on this study clearly showed associations of low SES with low treatment adherence in real practice. The study could explain what kind of barriers interferes for TB patients to complete their treatment successfully. This result may be a source to design policy intervention to support TB patients and develop National TB management plan.Introduction: SES is a well-reported factor associated with tuberculosis morbidity. However, there were no studies to examine the association of SES with treatment adherence of tuberculosis in South Korea. The study aims to investigate an association between SES and treatment adherence. Method: To identify association between SES and treatment adherence, hierarchical logistic regression was performed (Model 1: adjusted for demographic factors; Model 2: Model 1 + individual behavioral factors; Model 3: Model 2 + clinical factors) and treatment regimen-stratified analysis was also conducted. Result: In hierarchical logistic model, poor housing status (adjusted OR: 2.80, 95% CI: 1.27-6.16) and service worker with low education (adjusted OR: 3.33, 95% CI: 1.06-10.43) and laborer group (adjusted OR: 4.39, 95% CI: 1.45-13.28) are significantly associated with the low treatment adherence in Model 3. However, low education is only significantly related to the low treatment adherence in Model 1 (adjusted OR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.05-2.77). Discussion: The result on this study clearly showed associations of low SES with low treatment adherence in real practice. The study could explain what kind of barriers interferes for TB patients to complete their treatment successfully. This result may be a source to design policy intervention to support TB patients and develop National TB management plan.