Increase of heavy metal(loid)s in agricultural ecosystem has become a social issue nationwide as it is related to public health. This study was performed to find out the status of heavy metal(loid)s pollution in paddy soils and polished rice near closed mines, the human health risk assessment, and the remediation approaches to reduce the metal transfer from soil to rice in Korea. Heavy metal(loid)s including As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn were analyzed in the 89 samples of paddy soils and rice collected near 25 abandoned mines in Korea. Average concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in paddy soils were 19.69, 3.55, 57.79, 34.54, 7.96, 83.81, and 134.38 mg/kg, respectively. Average concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in polished rice grown at the same fields were 0.123, 0.056, 2.603, 2.415, 0.606, 0.086, and 12.524 mg/kg, respectively. The lifetime average daily dose (LADD) for each age-gender category of population, and potential cancer and non-cancer risks via consumption of As-enriched rice were estimated. For risk assessment, the LADD value calculated by considering the proportion of inorganic As did not exceed the provisional tolerable daily intake (PTDI) of 2.1 μg/kg b.w./days, established by FAO/WHO. The cancer risk probability (R) via rice intake grown near abandoned mines in each age-gender population exceeded the acceptable cancer risk of 10-6 ~ 10-4 for regulatory purpose. Particularly, cancer risk probability for children less than six years old was estimated to be high at 5.75 × 10-4 compared to the other age groups. Furthermore, hazard quotient (HQ) values for all age-gender categories did not exceed 1.0, implying that potential non-cancer toxic effect may not be caused by the long-time exposure via As-enriched rice consumption. In this study, human HaCaT cell viability, total antioxidants, and activities of antioxidant enzymes were estimated on the selected contaminated polished rice grown in 5 abandoned mines. Results showed that the HaCaT cell viability in heavy metal(loid)s -contaminated polished rice was inhibited in a time-dependent manner, ranging from 5-25%. Likewise, time-dependent total antioxidants were significantly decreased from 13 to 22 mM at 72 h post-incubation than in control. Finally, ongoing studies on remediation techniques for heavy metal(loid)s contaminated paddy soils and mitigation techniques for heavy metal(loid)s concentration in rice using agricultural by-products like biochars will be introduced briefly. In conclusion, these studies can be used for establishing the countermeasure technique for soil conversation and optimal farm management of paddy fields and for the production of safe agricultural products.