Background: Vitiligo is a pigmentary skin disorder characterized by the chronic and progressive loss of melanocytes. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G is a nonclassic, major histocompatibility complex class I molecule that plays an important role in suppression of the immune response. Several recent studies have provided evidence that a 14-bp insertion/deletion polymorphism in the HLA-G gene might be associated with autoimmune disease. Objectives: Our aim in this study was to determine whether the 14-bp insertion/deletion polymorphism in the HLA-G gene contributes to the risk of developing non-segmental vitiligo (NSV) in the Korean population. Methods: We conducted a case-control association study of 192 NSV patients and 491 matched, unaffected controls. The HLA-G 14-bp insertion/deletion polymorphism was analyzed by gene scan after amplification using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: Genotypes for the 14-bp indel were different between the vitiligo group and Korean control group. The proportion of subjects with a homozygote 224 bp/224 bp genotype was significantly higher in the vitiligo group than the control group (7.1% vs. 3.5%, OR=2.25, 95% CI=1.06-4.76, P=0.039 in the recessive model). Conclusion: Our results suggest that the HLA-G 14-bp insertion/deletion polymorphism is associated with the development of NSV in the Korean population.