This paper deals with the common people only in order to find out Lu Xun``s 魯迅 (1881-1936)conception of the Chinese people. It is simply because feelings of condemnation and compassion for the people coexist throughout his works. In other words, this ambivalent attitude, that he harbored love and hatred for the people, has remained his lifelong contradiction. In this paper, Lu Xun``s view on the Chinese people in his early essays is examined first. And then, the common people in his short stories are examined to see how they were described. Though Lu Xun took the pessimistic view of the people, he also sympathized with the people. This is certainly attributed to Lu Xun``s ambivalent and problematic conception of the people and to the influence of Nietzsche``s view of the people as an abstract force. As a matter of fact, Lu Xun attacked upon the Chinese people in order to have hope by changing the nature of the people in terms of the spiritual and intellectual transformation. Although Lu Xun``s skepticism is fundamental, the only certainty he believed must be the certainty of change.