本稿は、13世紀末の蒙古襲來という歷史的事件についての日本と韓國での主要な硏究動向を考察し、日本の現行中學校歷史敎科書に記述されている關連內容を批判的に檢討したものである。日本における硏究は戰後一時中斷されたが、おおよそ1960年頃から再び活發になり始めた。東アジア史的視角から日本史を照明しようとする歷史學界の新しい潮流と、鎌倉後期の日本の歷史を總體的に捉えようとする試みが現れた。最近、蒙古襲來硏究の主な特徵は、東アジアの中で日本を眺める見方が一層多楊かつ細密になったことである。광い意味での文化交流史の深化、斬新な13·4世紀アジア歷史像の提示、新資料の發見による國際情勢のダイナミックな把握がなされている。一方、韓國では、蒙古襲來を基本的に高麗·元關係史の화組の中で捉えてきたが、最近、この事件を日本史の立場から取り上げた專論が現れつつある。また、韓日關係史における蒙古襲來の位置づけ、倭寇との歷史的關連性、三別抄の軍事的·外交的動き、九州地域の動向などの硏究が行なわれている。日本の中學校歷史敎科書は東アジア史的視角の硏究成果を取り入れようとしたものと、戰前の主流だった戰爭史的な見方に近寄っているもの、2種を比較分析した。前者は、その試みをある程度評가できるが、もう少し、國際關係について詳しく敍述する必要がある。後者は、かつて軍國主義時代に通用された虛構の武士像、「神風」と結び付いた神秘主義的な神國思想、そして、北條時宗に對する戰爭英雄史觀が窺われる。

The study examines the major trends of the historical research into the Mogol invasion on Japan(which happened in the late 13th century) conducted by Japan and Korea, and takes a critical look at its relevant contents in the existing middle school textbooks in Japan. Though interrupted for a while after World War Ⅱ, the Japanese research on the invasion became active again in about 1960. There appeared two trends; one was to view the Japanese history from a perspective of East Asian history; the other tried to grasp the Japanese history of the late Kamakura era in its entirety. One of the characteristics of recent research on the invasion is that the approach to Japan is getting more wide and detailed as it places itself in the history of East Asia. For example, there have appeared the deepening of the history of cultural exchange in a wide sense, the novel historical presentation of Asia in the 13th and 14th century, and the more dynamic understanding of international situation thanks to the discovery of new data. Meanwhile, Korea has considered the Mongol invasion on Japan basically from the perspective of the relational history of Goryeo(高麗) and Yuan(元) for a long while, but there has recently appeared a self-contained study where the invasion is dealt with from an angle of the Japanese history. And various approaches are now underway; the study on the significance of the invasion in the relational history of Korean and Japan, and on its historical relation with Japanese pirates(倭寇); the research into the military and diplomatic actions of Sambyeolcho(三別抄) and into the conditions and movement in Kyushu. The study takes two Japanese textbooks as object of comparison and analysis; one is a textbook which tries to incorporate the results obtained through the perspective of East Asian history, and the other is one whose viewpoint comes close to that of the history of war, which was a main stream before World War Ⅱ. The former can be considered relatively valuable, but it needs more detailed information about the international relation, while as for the latter, it is clear that it shows the fictional idea of samurai which was circulated in the age of militarism, the mystical idea of divine land(神國) connected with Kamikaze(神風), and the war heroism about Hojo Tokimune(北條時宗).