We investigated brain dominance, cognitive characteristics, and emotion between scientifically gifted students (middle school: 108, high school: 67) and general students (middle school: 132, high school: 71). It was found that scientifically gifted students were usually using the left upper brain (middle school: 38.0%, high school: 46.5%). The left upper brain score showed the highest difference between scientifically gifted students and general students. Intelligence (RAPM) and creative personality (WKOPAY, SAM) scores were higher in the scientifically gifted students than in the general students. Positive emotion was higher in the scientifically gifted students than in the general students, whereas negative emotion was lower. In the correlation analysis, intelligence had the highest correlation with the left upper brain scores, whereas creative personality had the highest correlation with the right upper brain scores. Positive emotion had a positive correlation with all four brain scores (left upper, left lower, right lower, right upper), intelligence scores, and creative personality scores, whereas negative emotion had no positive correlation with them. These results show that brain dominance and emotion were different between scientifically gifted and general students as were intelligence and creative personality. Therefore, we insist that brain dominance and emotion should be considered in the observation of scientifically gifted students.