Objectives: It is important to catch individual characteristics by measuring the level of self-efficacy, radiation safety knowledge, attitudes to increase behavior levels in the radiation safety management(RSM) and we consider this should be applied to the professional program development to improve RSM activities of dental hygienist and students at department of dental hygiene. Methods: This study mentioned mainly self-efficacy, radiation safety knowledge, attitudes for dental hygienists and the second & third year students at department of dental hygiene in Pusan area to provide the correct information associated with the use of radiation and to be aid in the development program to increase behavior levels in the RSM in dental care institutions and schools in the future and performed a survey 8 May to 7 Juiy, 2011. The survey results were as follows Results: 1. The results of self-efficacy is 3.53±0.42 points for the dental hygienist and 3.32±0.40 points for students(p<0.001). 2. According to the knowledge level of RSM, the result is 11.7±3.12 points for the dental hygienist and 9.56±2.72 points for students(p<0.001). 3. According to the knowledge level of RSM, the result is 4.40±0.49 points for the dental hygienist and 4.22±0.56 points for students(p<0.001). 4. According to relationship among self-efficacy, radiation safety knowledge and attitudes, the higher the score for knowledge of RSM was, the higher the score for self-efficacy was. The higher the score for attitudes was, the higher the score for self-efficacy and knowledge was(p<0.01). 5. The factors to affect attitudes about RSM were self-efficacy, knowledge( p<0.01). (J Korean Soc Dent Hygiene 2011;11(5):729-739)