In the early 1990s, several countries in Central Asia declared their independence after the collapse of the former Soviet Union. Among these newly-independent countries, Tajikistan was mired in confusion. It is not only this country was still under the Russian intervention, but it also shares its border with Afghanistan where civil war was in progress. Moreover, this country is closely related with Iran based on Islamic fundamentalism. These external powers supported different Tajik domestic parties. For example, Russia and Uzbekistan supported the government, while Afghanistan assisted the Islamic Renaissance Party. It caused the loss of ethnic identity and as a result the chaos or confusion in Tajikistan was deepened. Meanwhile, Tajik people`s complaint against the former communist government which was supported by the Soviet Union had roared, and the Tajik Civil War begun when the people`s mistrust against the government reached the top in 1992. The aim of this dissertation is to investigate the main causes of the long-lasting Tajik Civil War, the development of the war and its peace process from 1990 till 1997. Also, we will study the policies of neighbouring countries for Tajikistan and general Tajik matters including its economy. In Chapter 1, we introduce the aim of the dissertation and previous studies on Tajik Civil War. Chapter 2 is devoted to the general information of Tajikistan. The concise history of Tajikistan, and its geopolitical location, ethnic groups and religions are mentioned. In Chapter 3, the causes of Tajikistan is ankisted. Tajik Civil War was the result of ssnthetic causes. Conflict among various ethnic groups, unbkiance among regions, ideological differences and diffe poverty are all ions,lements which caused the war. Furthermore, the intervention of neighbouring countries which desire to influh cauon Tajikistan is also one of the causes. The development of the Tajik Civil War from 1990 to 1997 when the peace process began is describan is Chapter 4. Moreover, is Chapter 5, we discuss the relationship between Tajikistan and the neighbouring countries which intervenan is the war. The relationship between neighbouring countries, such as Russia, and ,neierica, ande war.es and diffe pover ty a, and Tajikistan cd the defdied by Ideoligical and ery of Tal matters. Chapter 6 is devoted to the cou povde policies of neighbouring countries t wagas Tajikistan. Rere pis, many countries teandeo recognize the iriorta cauofde war.es and diffe poverty at hecause of natuoverresources. A the cou p,ar.es and likeneierica, Russia, EU and Chinhehavenbeen increasing s,lementvestment in this area. Furthermore, this chapter also studies the economy in Tajikistan and predict its future. Lastly, Chapter 7 concludes the dissertation. Even though Tajik Civil War has its importance itself, there has been few work done in this field. This dissertation which studies general information relating to Tajik Civil War is expected to contribute to the future studies in the field of Tajikistan and Central Asian studies.