Endometriosis is a common gynecologic disease in women of reproductive age. However, endometriosis within the bladder is rare. We cared for a 32-year-old woman who presented with cyclic hematuria, dysmenorrheal, and primary infertility. Abdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis showed a bladder tumor and an ovarian cystic mass. A transurethral resection biopsy for diagnosis of the bladder tumor revealed bladder endometriosis. She underwent a partial cystectomy and adhesiolysis for treatment of the bladder endometriosis. Post-operatively, she underwent in vitro fertilization due to bilateral tubal obstruction and conceived. We report this case of a patient with primary infertility and bladder endometriosis which was managed successfully with a surgical approach and briefly review the relevant literature.