The effort we are trying to set up the treatment guideline for hepatocellular carcinoma has produced various guidelines after drawing a conclusion from Barcelona EASL meeting in 2000. Especially in Korea, the Korean Liver Cancer Study Group and the National Cancer Center have collaborated on making treatment guideline for hepatocellular carcinoma in the early stage of setting up the guideline, 2003, and it was a great help to treatment, study and education. However, a need of revision had been raised due to many changes in the latest treatments and an accumulation of international and domestic experience. After the proposal of amending the treatment guideline for Hepatocellular carcinoma in the Cancer Control Forum of the National Cancer Control Planning Board on October 17th, 2008, "2009 Guideline" has been reported in the Conference of the Korean Liver Cancer Study Group held on June 27th, 2009. When revising the guideline, there are some suggestions of continuous modification to reflect evidence based medical knowledge, and recently there are some debates about the drawback of the surgical field which was not handled in EASL and AASLD Guidelines. Therefore, it will broaden your understanding of liver surgical resection and liver transplantation and it will also be a place for the discussion of disputable issues.