The purpose of this study is to develop and validate the 2 x 2 Achievement Goal Scale in Dance (AGSD). The 2 X 2 achievement goal framework comprises four distinct achievement goals: mastery-approach, mastery-avoidance, performance-approach, and performance-avoidance. The four factors were identified by examining the previous studies. 17 items underlying the four factors were developed by a series of psychometric procedures. The results of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of 371 dancers reveal that the data fit the four-factor 12 item model of the AGSD reasonably. Multi-group CFA was conducted to analyze the invariance of the AGSD across the three dance groups (Korean dance, modern dance, and ballet). The results of the multi-group CFA confirmed the invariance of the DMS across the groups, indicating that the AGSD would be useful for all of the three groups. There were significant differences among the groups. As compared with the ballet, Korean dancers showed significantly higher levels in mastery-approach goal. However, Korean dancers showed the lowest levels in performance-avoidance goal, and the students majoring in ballet exhibited the highest levels in performance-avoidance goal. The results of this study were discussed with achievement goal theories in the context of dance education.