Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify influences of child-rearing attitude and parent-school age communication on self-efficacy of 5th and 6th graders. Methods: Data were collected using questionnaires from 460 5th and 6th graders in S city. The data were analyzed using SPSS WIN program. Results: There were significant differences in child-rearing attitude according to gender, mother`s level of education, perceived atmosphere and religion. Self-efficacy was significantly correlated with school record, family income, mother`s level of education, father`s level of education, and perceived atmosphere. There were significant differences in communication with father according to father`s level of education, and perceived atmosphere. Communication with mother was significantly correlated with father`s level of education, mother`s level of education and perceived atmosphere. The relative influence toward the children`s self-efficacy shown in the order of importance was as follows; child-rearing attitude, school record, communication with mother, communication with father, father`s level of education, family income. Conclusion: From the study, self-efficacy appears to be influenced by multiple factors such as child-rearing attitude, school record, communication with mother, communication with father, father`s level of education, and family income.