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천도교 교조 수운(水雲) 최제우(崔濟愚)의 원형적 체험과 치유적 수용에 관하여
Therapeutic Assimilation of the Encounter with the Archetype: From the Experience of Suwoon, the Founder of Chondoism
이유경 ( You Kyeng Lee )
심성연구 23권 2호 93-139(47pages)
UCI I410-ECN-0102-2012-560-000168594

Suwoon(水雲) Choe Jeu(崔濟愚)(1824-1864) formulated the Donghak(東學) ideology and founded Chondoism(天道敎) as a religion based on his encounters with the archetype. The Chondoism was based on the themes of Donghak and culminated in the doctorine of `In-Nae-Chon(人乃天, Human beings are heavenly divine)`, which was formulated by Son Byeong-Hui, the 3rd founder of Chondoism, not by Choe Jeu himself. The religious encounter of Choe Jeu appears to have been a vision, originated from the archetype with magnificent power. At the encounter, Choe Jeu heard a voice and received a flag shape which was called the `Gung-Gung(弓弓)` later. He had done all the commands as a voice was directing, such as drawing of the `Gung-Gung` shape on a paper, making it burnt to ashes, putting the ashes into water, and drinking the ash-mixed water. As a result of his faithful obedience, he could experience healing. The shape of the `Gung-Gung` appears to be representing the `coniunctio oppositorum`. It is a kind of Mandala. It symbolized completed `individuation` after resolving all the split states of the opposites. All the shape representing the `coniunctio oppositorum` might be able to initiate the processes to unite the consciousness and the unconscious in the conscious level. It has been known that Choe Jeu`s `individuation` was possible when his consciousness became enough to tolerate psychic impacts given by the archetype. He himself told that he became very slowly able to recognize what had happened to him, and he finally reached enlightenment that, in his real life, he could make conscious all the contents that had been unconsciously constellated for innate purposes of the unconscious. He was especially capable of assimilating and comprehending his encounter with the archetype. He continued to take introverted attitude without losing connection with the external world, and accepted what had happened as it was. He actively talked to the god-imaged archetypes to communicate, as C.G. Jung had performed for `active imagination`, which could make him to experience `conjunctio oppositorum` by treating the archetype as a real psychic reality and could accept innate purpose of the unconscious which was realized in the process of active communication. The archetype that Choe Jeu had met seems to have characteristic of `father image` in terms of analytical psychology. It appeared as an old man or a god sprit, so that it should be considered as `the wise old man`, or the highest `Self`, the regulating center of the psyche and facilitator of `individuation`. Through his own experience, Choe Jeu realized the god should be a real being to bring about psychic phenomena. He considered it an ill state if an individual did not realize presence of the god. He realized the god and preached people to maintain religious attitude to get healing by conscious connection with the god. His chanting also has the same ideology. The Chondoism theology preaches that god resides in each of us. If possible, we should realize presence of the god in reality so as to make a conscious connection and to maintain the relation to spontaneously fulfill `individuation- process` of ourself. In summary, Choe Jeu successfully assimilated his encounter with the archetype, realized `individuation` of his own, and completed a religious ideology by sublimating his own experience as universal principle for human beings.

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