New manufacturing processes, such as thermochemical, mechanochemical and chemical vapor condensation processes, have been developed to obtain nanostructured materials. Nanoscale size tungsten (W) base composite powders of less than 60 nm particle size such as WC/Co and W/Cu systems can be synthesized by thermochemical and mechanochemical processes using metallic salt precursors as starting materials. Nanostructured W base composite materials showed better sinterability, microstructural uniformity with ultrafine microstructures and mechanical properties than did commercial W base composite materials. Non-agglomerated nanoscale size TiO2 powder can be synthesized by the Combustion Flame Chemical Vapor Condensation (CF-CVC) process using metallorganic precursors as a starting material. In this paper, scientific and technical issues on the synthesis of nanostructured materials by the new chemical processes are considered.