A study on the species description, enumeration and interspecific relationships of genus Filipendula was undertaken for four Korean and two Japanese species. The use of scanning electron microscope(SEM) has made possible a detailed study of foliar trichomes, pollen grains and fruit surface features. A new method for the preparation of SEM samples was developed in this study. Filipendula glaberrima, F. formosa, and F. koreana were reliable endemic species. Among them, F. glaberrima shares many characteristics with F. formosa. F. glaberrima can be divided into two types based on leaf, seed, flower and pollen characters. Type Ⅰ is characterized by ciliated fruits, many branchedn vascular bundles on the petal, dense trichomes on the leaf vein of abaxial surface, and many foveolate pollen surface. Type Ⅱ possesses galbrous fruits, a few vascular bundles on the petal, rare trichomes on the leaf vein, and a few foveolate pollen surface. The significant taxonomic characteristics in the classification of genus Filipendula are their lengths of fruit stalks, the densities of marginal trichomes of fruits, and textures of stipules.