The purpose of this study is to research for the structual shift of the manufacturing in the Honam District from 1958 on, as compared with the national-wide. In spite of the wide area and high population density, the Honam District suffers from the pre-modernism of the econmic organization and the very low income per capita beause of the under-development of manufacturing sector. Therefore it is the under-developed region in Korea as well as the southern region in Italy. Such a reality is proved by the facts that its establishments are almost the infinitesimal and small business with 5-49 employees in size, its employees are employed and its value added is produced, chiefly in the infinitesimal and small business in the light industry sector. But in recent years their weight was shifted to the large busines in the light industry sector and to the infinitesimal and small business in the heavy industry sector. This forms a contrast with the fact that in the national-wide the growth rate is very high and the weight has been shifted to the large business in the heavy industry sector. Besides, other economic indices in the Honam District - that is, the wage rate, the labor productivity, the market share rate, the capitial-labor ratito, the capital productivity, the profit rate, the capital formation rate, and the tangible fixed assets - are lower both in the absolute value and in the growth rate than those in the national-wide are. The industrial structure in the Honam District is still characteristic of the consumptive light industry by the infinitesimal and small business. The analysis of the difference rate in the labor productivity and the wage rate shows the existence of the heavier dual economic structure and the pre-modernism in the labor poductivity and the wage rate system and the difference rate is larger and larger recently owing to the focused investment to a particular manufacture. Because of the relative curtailment in the market share rate of the infinitesimal and small business in the light industry sector, it is confronted with the mutual excessive competition in order to scramble the curtailed market share. The heavy industrialization rate, the index measuring, the industrialization level, which shows the mono-cultural characteristics in the manufacture of paper and paper products in 1958, in the manufacture of chemicals and chemical products in 1966 and in the manufacture of petroleum and coal products in 1969, has been rising up steadily from 1958 on in the lower level than the national-wide. The industrialization from 1958 on rises up the industrialization progress rate to 349% in the national-wide and to 295% in the Honam District and according to the Hoffmann rate, Korea marches into the third stage and the Homam District into the second stage. The coefficients of specialization of the Honam District are 0,28877 in 1969, 0,208 in 1963, 0.2157 in 1966, 0.1967 in 0.2716 in 1968, and 0.3333 in 1969. In view of these coefficients, the manufacturing in the Honam District is biased in the industrial structure in the contrast with the national-wide scale. The manufactures with the coefficient of localization larger than 1 are food manufacture, beverage industries, tobacco manufacture, manufacture of wood and cork, manufacture of furniture and fixtures, manufacture of rubber products, and manufacture of paper and paper products which chiefly belong to the light industry and show the characterisics of the manufacturing in the Honam District. The highest capital-labor ratio and the minimum capital-output ratio are computed in major group and in size of the manufacturing in the national-wide and the Honam District in order to grope for the criteria of the selective investment, which are proved to contradict each other. Thus, the marginal growth contribution as the more suitable criterion of selective investment teaches us that the investment in the manufactures which have shown the highest growte rath in the capi