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한국수산업의 구조분석 - 1946년 ~ 1965년의 추이를 중심으로 -
An Analysis of the Structure of Fishery in Korea
박광순 ( Kwang Soon Park )
경제학연구 15권 122-145(24pages)
UCI I410-ECN-0102-2008-320-001053946

1. Fishery is one of the important industries in Korea. It earns a lot of valuable foreign money every year. The annual exports of fishery reach 20 percent of total amount of Korean exports. However, it is said that the characteristics of fishery in Korea are its low productivity and low income. These characteristics are not because of the unsuitableness of physical environment concerning fishery in Korea, but because of the insufficiency of man`s effort to develop it. This means the structual deficiency of Korean fishery. This study is purposed to analysis the structure of Korean fishery with emphasis on its transition from 1946 to 1965. It is a well-known fact that the physical environment for fishery in Korea is very suitable for it. Our country is a peninsula surrounded by seas on three sides, having a long coast line reaching 26,000 kilometers and a very wide continental shelf amounting to about 500,000 square-kilometers. The neighbouring waters of Korea have also fitting temperature, and the tides are interchaged properly on the seas. At the same time, they contain abundant marine resources, such as fishes of about 854 species, shell fish and other molluse fishes of about 1000 species, and seaweeds of about 400 species. Judging from these points, we may say that the physical environment for fishery in Korea is a gift of nature. On the contrary, man`s effort to develop those resources had been very lukewarm and stagnant till the opening of the port at the end of the 19th century. With the opening of the port Japanese fishermen advanced to the Korean seas, and they contributed somewhat to the development of fishery in Korea at the technical side. Occupying the leadership of fishing in the neighbouring waters of Korea, they made Korean fishermen fall into the external stagnation of minor scale household management. This is one of the important reasons why Korean fishery has not developed continuously, and also the reason why Korean fishery has not escaped from the stagnant situation of low productivity and law income. These characteristics are due to the structural defects of fishery mentioned as below. Here are the significance and necessity of analysis to the structure of fishery in Korea. 2. At the first, we are going to analyze the production structure of fishery, secondly, the management sructure of fishery, and lastly its circulation structure. The important characteristics of the production structure of Korea fishery are as follows; First the fishing boats which are the most important means of production of the fishery are very little quantitively. As many we see at the following Table 1, the number of the fishing boats including fish-carrier amounts to 51,052 vessels at the end of 1965. It does show that the percapita fishing boatsare only 0.04 vessels. ◁표 삽입▷(원문을 참조하세요) Source: The Bank of Korea. Bureau of Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. The number of fishing boats has been increased from 48,837 vessels in 1946 to 51,052 vessels in 1965. The speed and rate of growth of fishing boat is lagging far behind the growth of fisheries population. The rate of growth of fishing boat is estimated to reach only to 4.5 percent during twenty years. On the other hand the fishery population has increased by 234.5 percent since 1946. It means that Korean fishery has been sinking year by year. ◁표 삽입▷(원문을 참조하세요) Source: Bureau of Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. Second the most of fishing boats are also small in scale and non-powered wooden boats. As we see at the Table 1, the average tonnge of Korean fishing boats in 1965 is only 3.98 tons. Although powered boats form 14.8 percent of all the fishing ships, most of them are made of wood. As we may see at the Table 2, the ships less than 5 tons form 85.6 percent of all the fishing boats. On the contrary, the ships more than 50 tons form only 1.1 percent of them. These prove the fact that the productive power of Kore

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