The purpose of this study was 1) to investigate the difference of urban and rural children`s achievement motivation, 2) to determine relationships between achievement motivation and community support for parent(community educational resources and support of mother`s social network), social status of family(father`s occupation and parental educational level) and childrearing practices (achievement pressure and independence training), which are supposed to affect urban and rural children`s achievement motivation. The data for this research was collected from 335 children(urban 171, rural 164) and their mothers from 8 public and 7 private kindergartens located in 2 metropolitan areas(Seoul, Pusan) and 5 rural counties in Kyungsang Namdo. The findings are as follows: 1) There was no significant difference in achievement motivation between urban and rural children. 2) The correlation coefficients between urban and rural children`s achievement motivation and all independent variables were low(-.034∼.167). No singnificant differences in correlation coefficients between the rural and urban areas were found. 3) The significant predictor of children`s achievement motivation was independence training in urban areas : and achievement pressure and community educational resources in rural areas. 4) The path analysis revealed differing causal relationships for urban and rural areas. For urban children, achievement motivation was directly affected independence training and parental educational level, but it was indirectly affected by achievement pressure, community educational resources and support of mother`s social network. For rural children, achievement motivation was directly influenced by achievement pressure and community educational resources, but it was indirectly influenced by father`s occupation, parental educational level, support of mother`s social network.