The purpose of this study is to examine daughter-in-law`s fillial responsibility and parental care behavior at the social exchange awareness. To show the above research questions, the self-reported questionnaires were taken from the daughters-in-law in Seoul and metropolitan area. 410 samples were finally selected as datum sources. The major findings of this study are summarized as follows : 1. Total parental care reward mean is 2.57, fllial responsibility mean is 3.13, total parental care behavior mean is 3.06. Reward is low perceived than fillial responsibility and parental care behavior. The reason that this study lead these results is supposed to emphasize daughter-in-law`s view. 2. Parental care behavior is different significantly according to the background variables, especially different according to parent`s need. 3. The effectiveness of independence variables on parental care behavior are different according to parent need and subfactor. The most influential variables on parental care behavior are emotional rewards and fillial responsibility. 4. The findings of the study support assumptions derived from social exchange theory. Thus exchange theory appears to provide a useful framework for understanding of daughters-in-law`s caregiving.