Even though several attempts have been made by Russian scholars for a new history education since 1990s, and agreement has never been reached to the educational direction and goals up to now because of diverse social and political conflicts among them. None of them regarded the history education in Stalinist regime worthwhile, which was not based on the objective point of views and detailed scholarly researches. The legacy of Stalinist regime, however, has still tremendous impact on the present social situation of Russia. If we take it into consideration that the democratic reform of Russia is uncertain, and that there are lots of works to be done. we don`t need to be surprised at various range of opinions on the Stalinist regime. For a long time, historians have evaluated Stalinist regime in a antithetic way. Some have regarded it as a trial with excessive nostalgia to pursue "orderly and strong state," and on the other hand it has been criticized to consume all the potential energies of the country for several decades. In Russia, totalitarianism, which stands as a symbol of Stalinist regime, is now generally employed as the most popular concept to understand the Stalinist regime. Some writers of school textbooks take this concept intentionally, and others use it cautiously, and the others avoid using it deliberately. One writer described totalitarianism in one of textbooks, "as to what is a totalitarian state, it means a state which has a political structure controlling all society by state power, and removing privileges and freedom which is secured by the constitution…" Most of the textbook writers generally agree with the cause of totalitarianism. As all of them admit that Russia was able to develop toward a democratic system after October revolution, they explain that the major reasons for the establishing of a totalitarian state in Russian were the poor democratic tradition, political culture of the public, and the power struggle inside the communist party who favoured totalitarianism. They understand the successive power struggles which resulted in Stalin`s victory against Trotsky, Zinoviev and Kamenev as a starting point of totalitarian state. Through the understanding that regards Stalinist regime as a starting point of totalitarianism, we can say that most of the writers attribute all the responsibility of that regime to the "leader of people." They create a theory based on the fact that a few of power in politics take the responsibility of all crimes.