To determine the sterility of the prepared allogeneic bone of the human, culture of the allografts prior to implantation was performed on the fresh-frozen and freeze-dried bone. Before the use of allografts to the patients, it must be confirmed about the streility, cellular cytotoxicity, immune reaction, and osteoinductive potential as a biomaterials. Oral and maxillofacial surgeons demand for allograft bone will be increased in the future. Wonkwang Bone Bank attempted to meet this demand, has performed series of experimental study on the allograft bone of the Koreans to evaluate the physical and chemical suitability of the bone since the surgeons applications will have broadened from benign cystic lesions to fracture malunions and non-unions, large segmental defects, and whole-bone allografts after tumor surgery. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Freeze-drying(FD) only showed some bactericidal effects of the normal and osteo bone but in cases of performing EO gas sterilization, the FD effects was not clear. 2 The fact that FD has little effect than the EO gas sterilization on normal bone postulated that the presence of microbiota may be due to an operation and bone processing procedure. 3 FD and EO gas sterilization had a remarkable effect on the osteo bone. 4. The sterilization effect were EO gas, Freeze-drying Fresh-Frozen with descending order. But all sterilization method were not complete to preserve and implant allograft bone. We are now performing further continuous study on the radiation and chemical sterilization procedure to make a more safe and complete allograft bone.