Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis, an extremely rare lesion, presents striking gross and microscopic features. It is characterized by a yellow and nodular appearance, prominent tissue necrosis and lipid-laden histiocytes along with foreign-body type of multinucleated giant cell infiltration in the muscular coat of the gallbladder and occasionally surrounding tissue. The suggestible pathogenesis is the result from ruptured Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses with intramural extravasation of bile and subsequent xanthogranulomatous reaction. Takahashi et al. were credited with the first report in 1976. Since that time, many cases were reported in the world literatures. But, no case has been reported in Korean literatures. Because of its rarity, it seems to be worth while to report our case with brief review of literatures. A female, age of 63, was admitted with symptoms of acute cholecystitis and gastritis. On physical examination, she complained indigestion, epigastric and right upper quadrant pain. She was operated under presumptive diagnosis of acute cholecystitis owing to gallstones, and duodenal diverticulum. On celiotomy, a mass was found in Hartmann's pouch including neck of the gallbladder and head of pancreas for which cholecystectomy, duodenal diverticulectomy, enucleation of the cyst were done. Histologically, the gallbladder was xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis. Postoperative course was uneventful.