Background/Aims: PyloriTek test is a new reagent strip rapid urease test which needs only 60 minutes for diagnosing H. pylori infection. Its accuracy is reportedly similar to that of CLO test before eradication therapy. However, the usefulness of PyloriTek test after eradication therapy has not been evaluated yet. The present study was conducted to evaluate the usefulness of PyloriTek test in detecting H. pylori after eradication therapy. Methods: Five different test methods for identifying H. pylori infection were performed for 111 patients with peptic ulcer after H. pylori therapy: PyloriTek test, CLO test, Gram stain, Giemsa stain and culture. Results: The sensitivity and the specificity of each test were as follows: 70.0% and 100% for PyloriTek test; 93.3% and 100% for CLO test; 100% and 100% for Gram stain; 83.3% and 100% for Giemsa stain; 46.6% and 100% for culture. Among these five tests, the sensitivity of PyloriTek test was significantly lower than those of CLO test, Gram stain and Giemsa stain, but significantly higher than that of culture. Conclusions: The sensitivity of PyloriTek test (70.0%) was relatively low after eradication therapy, indicating that the usefulness of PyloriTek test is decreased after eradication therapy. (Kor J Gastroenterol 2000;35:170 - 177)